Updated September 18, 2026
Diagnostic confirmation, culture information, infection site and condition-specific guidance from Dr. Lauren Forsythe’s Vet On It lecture, checked against veterinary stewardship guidelines.
Updated October 23, 2026 CE Staff
Racehorses in atrial fibrillation should not race because they appear to have an increased risk of exercise-associated sudden death.
Updated October 23, 2026 CE Staff
The equine eye exam proceeds from distance assessment and cranial nerve testing to examination of individual structures and ophthalmic diagnostics.
Updated October 27, 2026 CE Staff
Horses have a nearly 360-degree visual field, a narrow binocular field and visual acuity that compares favourably with dogs and cats.
Updated October 23, 2026 CE Staff
Status epilepticus requires seizure control, while rapid neurologic deterioration or loss of limb sensation calls for immediate surgical referral.
Updated October 23, 2026 CE Staff
Acute and chronic otitis externa usually involve different bacteria, and debris can remain deep in the canal despite clinical improvement.
Published April 25, 2025 · Updated September 25, 2026
Clinical signs, diagnostic uncertainty, treatment goals and the limits of survival evidence for canine glioma, from Dr. Susan Arnold’s Vet On It lecture.
Published February 21, 2025 · Updated September 25, 2026
A referral framework for suspected acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs, from Dr. Susan Arnold’s Vet On It lecture and the ACVIM consensus statement.
Published January 13, 2025 · Updated September 25, 2026
Sample additives, lipemia, hemolysis, nucleated red cells and collection problems that can produce unexpected laboratory results, from Dr. Daniel Heinrich’s laboratory diagnostics lecture.